New Delhi: There’s a common misconception that breast cancer only affects women, ignoring the fact that men can also be at risk, though to a lesser extent. Male breast cancer, while rare—accounting for less than 1% of all cases—remains a serious and often underdiagnosed condition. Men have breast tissue just like women, and although they don’t develop milk-producing breasts, they can still develop breast cancer. Sadly, many men are diagnosed at more advanced stages due to the mistaken belief that this disease is solely a women’s issue, which often leads to delays in detection and treatment. This makes raising awareness among men critical, despite the relatively low number of cases.
In an interaction with , Dr. Aravind Badiger, Technical Director, BDR Pharmaceuticals, spoke about the same.
“Age is a key factor in male breast cancer, with most cases being diagnosed in men between 60 and 70 years old. However, other risk factors also contribute. A family history of breast cancer—whether in male or female relatives—significantly raises a man’s risk. Genetic mutations, especially in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, drastically increase the likelihood of developing the disease. Hormonal imbalances, such as elevated estrogen levels, also play a role, and certain conditions like liver disease, obesity, or testicular issues further elevate the risk. Additional factors include exposure to radiation and specific testicular conditions,” said Dr Badiger.
Symptoms of breast cancer in men
The symptoms of male breast cancer often mirror those experienced by women. Common signs include a painless lump or thickening in the breast tissue, changes in the nipple, such as inversion, redness, discharge, or retraction, and alterations in the skin on the breast. Since male breast tissue is less developed, these symptoms may be more noticeable, yet the lack of awareness often leads to them being dismissed until cancer has progressed. Early detection is key, and men should remain vigilant about any unusual changes in their chest area.
Treatment options for male breast cancer are similar to those for women, typically involving surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy, depending on the stage and type of cancer. Most treatment guidelines are based on female breast cancer cases, as research on male breast cancer is limited. However, men can respond well to treatment if the cancer is caught early, underscoring the importance of awareness and prompt medical attention.
Dr Reshma Puranik, Consultant Medical Oncologist at Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, listed the causes of breast cancer in men.
Breast cancer is commonly associated with women, but men can also be affected, albeit less frequently. Here’s a deeper look into why men are at risk and steps they can take to protect their health:
Why Men Can Be Affected
- Biological Factors: Men possess a small amount of breast tissue, similar to women. Although less common, mutations in specific genes, such as BRCA2, can lead to breast cancer in men.
- Hormonal Influence: Estrogen, a hormone produced in small amounts in men, can contribute to the development of breast cancer.
- Age: The likelihood of breast cancer increases with age, particularly in men over 60.
- Genetic Predisposition: A family history of breast or ovarian cancer in male or female relatives raises the risk for men.
- Health Conditions: Conditions like Klinefelter syndrome, which leads to lower levels of testosterone, may increase susceptibility to breast cancer.
What Men Should Do
- Know the Symptoms: Men should watch for signs such as lumps in the breast area, nipple changes, or unusual discharge.
- Routine Check-ups: Regular visits to a healthcare provider for breast health can aid in early detection.
- Consider Genetic Testing: Men with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer should explore genetic counseling to evaluate their risk.
- Adopt Healthy Habits: A nutritious diet, regular physical activity, and moderation in alcohol consumption can help reduce the chances of developing cancer.
- Seek Support: Joining support groups can offer emotional strength and practical advice for men dealing with breast cancer.
In summary, although breast cancer in men is rare, understanding the risks and staying informed can significantly improve early detection and treatment outcomes.
